Glossary

araclean uses Arabic-primary terminology (ADR-0007): the canonical name of each Arabic-script entity is its established transliteration, glossed to English here and shown as a hover tooltip wherever it appears in these docs.

Term	Arabic	English / technical
Tashkeel	تشكيل	Diacritics / vocalization marks
Harakat (sing. haraka)	حركات	Short vowels
Fatha / Damma / Kasra / Sukun	فتحة/ضمة/كسرة/سكون	the short-vowel marks / vowelless mark
Tanween	تنوين	Nunation
Shadda	شدّة	Gemination / consonant-doubling mark
Madda	مدّة	Madda sign (hamza + long alef)
Dagger alef	ألف خنجرية	Superscript alef (marks an unwritten long alef)
Qur'anic annotation marks	علامات قرآنية	Qur'anic recitation/annotation signs (+ extended marks)
Tatweel	تطويل	Elongation / justification character (kashida)
Hamza	همزة	Glottal-stop letter/mark
Alef	ألف	The letter alef
Alef variants	—	Alef with hamza above/below, madda, wasla, wavy hamza
Alef maqsura	ألف مقصورة	Shortened/curtailed alef (dotless yeh form)
Teh marbuta	تاء مربوطة	"Tied" taa (word-final)
Waw	واو	The letter waw; also the conjunction "and"
Yeh	ياء	The letter yeh/yaa
Kaf	كاف	The letter kaf
Heh	هاء	The letter heh
Lam-alef	لام ألف	The lam+alef sequence and its ligature
Arabic-Indic digits	أرقام عربية-هندية	Eastern Arabic numerals
Extended Arabic-Indic digits	أرقام فارسية/أردية	Persian/Urdu numerals
Dediacritization	إزالة التشكيل	Removing tashkeel